Zubewa a cikin kushin tsibi na cyanide bala'i ne na muhalli da na kuɗi. Zaɓin abin da ba daidai ba yana sanya duk aikin hakar ma'adinan ku, jarin ku, da kuma sunan ku cikin haɗari.
Ee, HDPE yana da kyakkyawan juriyar sinadarai kai tsaye ga cyanide. Babban damuwa na dogon lokaci ba shine cyanide kanta ba, amma haɗuwa da zafi mai zafi da alkaline pH (9.5-11), wanda ke hanzarta ragewar antioxidants na kariya na layin, yana tasiri rayuwar sabis.
Daga gwaninta na jigilar jigilar kayayyaki zuwa ma'adinan zinari a duniya, tambayar ba shine ko HDPE zai iya ɗaukar cyanide ba-zai iya, kuma shine ma'aunin masana'antu don wannan dalili. Tambaya ta gaske, mai amfani ita ce rayuwar sabis. Lalacewar layin ba harin sinadari ba ne kai tsaye, amma a hankali, tsari mai rikitarwa wanda duk mahallin leach ke tafiyar da shi. Fahimtar wannan shine mabuɗin don zaɓar layin layi wanda zai ɗauki shekaru da yawa.
Ta yaya bayyanar cyanide ke shafar HDPE geomembranes?
Kuna iya tunanin maganin cyanide yana cin abinci mai tsanani a cikin layin filastik. Wannan kuskuren gama gari na iya haifar muku da damuwa game da yanayin gazawar da ba daidai ba kuma ku manta da ainihin barazanar.
Maganin Cyanide ba sa narkar da kai tsaye ko lalata polymer HDPE. Madadin haka, yanayin alkali mai tsananin zafi da sau da yawa na zubar da ruwa yana haɓaka amfani da abubuwan da ake ƙarawa na antioxidant a cikin geomembrane, wanda shine matakin farko na tashin hankali na kayan tsufa na dogon lokaci.
An fahimci tsarin gazawar layin HDPE a cikin kushin leach ɗin da kyau kuma yana faruwa a cikin matakan da ake iya faɗi. Ba shi da ƙarancin ƙona sinadari kuma yana kama da ƙarancin gajiyar kayan kariya.
Mataki na A: Ragewar Antioxidant
HDPE geomembranes masu inganci sun ƙunshi fakitin ƙari na antioxidant. Ayyukan su shine sadaukar da kansu don kare ainihin HDPE polymer sarƙoƙi daga lalacewa ta hanyar zafi da iskar shaka. Yanayin zafi, alkaline na kushin heap leach pad na cyanide yana haifar da ingantattun yanayi don waɗannan abubuwan kariya masu kariya don cinye su cikin sauri. Wannan shine farkon kuma mafi mahimmancin lokaci na tsufa.
Matakin B & C: Rushewar Polymer
Da zarar antioxidants sun tafi, HDPE polymer kanta yana da rauni. Sarƙoƙin polymer sun fara rushewa ta hanyar iskar oxygen. Wannan tsari yana sa kayan ya zama mai raguwa kuma yana rage ikonsa don tsayayya da damuwa. A tsawon lokaci, layin layin yana rasa sassauci kuma zai iya fashe a ƙarƙashin babban nauyin takin ma'adinai, wanda zai haifar da leaks.
Tasirin Mamaki na Sauran Sinadaran
Nazarin dogon lokaci na baya-bayan nan sun nuna gaskiyar abin mamaki. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan binciken ya nutsar da HDPE a cikin leaches daban-daban na tsawon watanni 36 kuma ya gano cewa maganin pH na tsaka tsaki wanda ya ƙunshi arsenic da chlorides ya haifar. sauri lalacewar injiniya fiye da babban-pH cyanide bayani. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa dukan sinadaran hadaddiyar giyar-ciki har da gishiri da karafa masu nauyi - haɗe da zafi, ba kawai cyanide ba, wanda ke ƙayyade rayuwar sabis na liner.
Wadanne kaddarorin juriya na sinadarai suka sa HDPE ta dace da leaching?
You need to justify your material choice to project managers, engineers, and regulators. Simply saying "it's the standard" bai isa ba; kana bukatar ka yi bayani me yasa yana aiki.
Dacewar HDPE ya fito ne daga tsarin sa na lu'u-lu'u, tsarin kwayoyin marasa iyaka. Wannan tsari mai girman gaske yana ba da katangar jiki kuma yana sanya shi juriya ga nau'ikan sinadarai masu yawa, yana ba shi damar tsayawa tsayin daka a cikin kewayon pH na leaching.
Sirrin nasarar HDPE an gina shi a cikin ainihin sinadarai da sigar jiki. Ba kawai takardar filastik ba; kayan katanga ce da aka ƙera sosai.
| Dukiya | Fa'ida don Leaching Heap |
|---|---|
| Tsarin Crystalline | Yana aiki azaman shinge na jiki akan shigar da sinadarai. |
| Halin da ba na Polar ba | Rashin wuraren amsawa ga mahaɗan sinadarai da yawa. |
| Faɗin pH Resistance (1-14) | Yana tsayawa cikin kwanciyar hankali a cikin maganin cyanide na alkaline sosai. |
| Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafawa | Yana hana zub da jini mai guba cikin muhalli. |
Tsarin kwayoyin halitta na Crystalline
Ka yi tunanin ƙoƙarin wucewa ta bangon bulo mai ƙunshe da tarkacen tarkace. Kwayoyin da ke cikin HDPE kamar bangon bulo ne—an cushe su tare a cikin wani matsi, samuwar crystalline. Wannan ya sa ya zama da wahala a zahiri ga ƙwayoyin sinadarai kamar cyanide su shiga cikin layin.
Faɗin pH Range Resistance
HDPE yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin kewayon pH mai ban mamaki, daga 1 zuwa 14. Wannan sifa ce mai mahimmanci don hakar gwal, inda ake kiyaye tsarin leaching a babban pH na alkaline na 9.5 zuwa 11 don kiyaye cyanide a cikin ingantaccen bayani. HDPE gaba ɗaya bai damu da waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba.
A karkashin wane yanayi leaching ne aikin HDPE ya fi dogaro?
Kuna da aikin leach leach, amma yanayin rukunin yanar gizon yana da tsauri, tare da yanayin zafi da tsananin hasken rana. Kun san wannan zai shafi tsawon rayuwar mai layin, amma ta nawa?
Ayyukan HDPE shine mafi abin dogaro a cikin ƙananan-zuwa-matsakaici tudun zafin jiki (kasa da 60 ° C / 140 ° F). Rayuwar sabis ɗin ta taƙaice sosai a cikin tudu masu zafi (sama da 85°C / 185°F) kuma lokacin da aka fuskanci babban damuwa na shigarwa ko lalacewar injina yayin sanya tama.
Yayin da HDPE ke da ƙarfi, tsawon rayuwarsa ba shi da iyaka kuma yana dogara sosai kan yanayin aiki. Gudanar da waɗannan abubuwan yana da mahimmanci kamar zabar kayan da ya dace.
Zazzabi shine Babban Factor
Zafi shine mafi girman hanzari guda ɗaya na raguwar antioxidant. Matsakaicin amsa zai iya ninka sau biyu tare da kowane haɓakar zafin jiki na 10 ° C. Wannan yana nufin layin da zai iya ɗaukar shekaru 50 a 40 ° C zai iya ganin kunshin antioxidant ɗin sa ya ƙare a cikin 'yan shekaru a 85 ° C. A saboda wannan dalili, sarrafa leachate zafin jiki yana da mahimmanci don tsawaita rayuwar geomembrane.
Damuwar Injini da Kariya
Jirgin layin da aka shimfiɗa a lokacin shigarwa ya riga ya kasance cikin damuwa. Wannan yana sa ya fi sauƙi ga fashewar damuwa yayin da shekarun polymer. Shigar da ya dace wanda ke guje wa matsanancin damuwa yana da mahimmanci. Bugu da ƙari, dole ne a kiyaye layin layi daga huda ta wani shimfiɗaɗɗen geotextile wanda aka sanya tsakaninsa da tara mai kaifi ko tama.
Bayyanar UV
Duk wani yanki na layin da aka fallasa ga hasken rana, kamar a cikin ramukan anga, dole ne a kiyaye shi daga UV radiation. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa duk high quality-HDPE geomembranes dauke da 2-3% finely tarwatsa carbon baki, wanda aiki a matsayin mai iko UV stabilizer, hana filastik zama gaggautsa a rana.
Waɗanne ƙayyadaddun bayanai ya kamata a bincika don layin HDPE mai jure cyanide?
Kuna shirye don ƙirƙirar ƙayyadaddun fasaha don odar siye. Idan ka bar maɓalli na maɓalli ko ƙayyadadden kauri kawai, ƙila za ka karɓi samfur mara ƙarancin inganci wanda ya gaza da wuri.
Duba fiye da kauri kawai. Ƙayyade kauri daga 1.5mm zuwa 2.0mm, amma mafi mahimmanci, buƙatar ƙima mai girma don Lokacin Induction Oxidation (OIT), musamman OIT mai ƙarfi (HP-OIT). Wannan shine ma'auni na kai tsaye na juriya na layin layi zuwa tsufa na dogon lokaci.
A matsayina na mai kaya, koyaushe ina jagorantar abokan cinikina masu hakar ma'adinai don su mai da hankali kan ma'aunin aikin da ke hasashen rayuwa na dogon lokaci, ba kawai ainihin kaddarorin jiki ba.
| Ƙayyadaddun bayanai | Ƙimar da aka Shawarta | Me Yasa Yana Da Muhimmanci Don Leaching Heap |
|---|---|---|
| Kauri | 1.5mm (mil 60) - 2.0mm (mil 80) | Dorewa; mai kauri mai kauri yana da ƙarin antioxidants. |
| Babban-Matsi OIT | > Minti 2000 (don resins mai girma) | Kai tsaye yana auna kwanciyar hankali na thermal na dogon lokaci. |
| Juriya Crack Danniya | Babban darajar aiki ta ASTM D5397 | Yana tsayayya da fashewa a ƙarƙashin kaya da bayyanar sinadarai. |
| Abubuwan Baƙin Carbon | 2.0% - 3.0% | Yana ba da kariya mai mahimmanci UV don wuraren da aka fallasa. |
A 2.0mm liner ba kawai bayar da mafi kyau juriya huda; ya ƙunshi kusan 33% ƙarin antioxidants fiye da layin 1.5mm na tsari iri ɗaya, yana samar da tsawon rayuwar sabis a cikin yanayin zafi. Neman ƙimar ƙimar HP-OIT mai girma yana tabbatar da cewa kuna samun resin ɗin ƙima tare da fakitin ƙari wanda aka ƙera musamman don yanayin azabtarwa na kushin leach ɗin.
Ƙarshe
HDPE yana tsayayya da cyanide yadda ya kamata, amma tsawonsa na gaskiya ya dogara ne akan zabar kauri, babban layin OIT da kuma tsara tsarin don sarrafa zafi, wanda shine ainihin direban tsufa.
