Kushin leach ɗin ku yana wakiltar babban saka hannun jari. Kun bi littafin, amma yanzu kuna ganin fashe-fashe a cikin layin, haɗarin ɗigogi da gazawar bala'i. Kudin gazawar shine ilimin taurari.
Geomembranes a cikin hakar ma'adinan suna fashe da farko saboda Damuwar Muhalli (ESCR). Wannan gazawa ce mai rauni ta hanyar haɗaɗɗun aikin babban damuwa na inji daga tudun tama, abubuwan sinadarai masu wayo a cikin maganin tsari, da tsarin kwayoyin halitta na polymer.
Daga aikina na samar da layin don manyan ayyukan hakar ma'adinai, zan iya gaya muku hakan RUBUTA shine mai kashe shi shiru tsibi leach pads. Ba gurɓataccen sinadari ba ne ko tsagewar-ƙarfi. Yana da hadaddun, jujjuyawar sarkar microscopic wanda ke haifar da gazawar macroscopic bala'i. Fahimtar wannan tsari shine kawai hanyar hana shi, kuma yana farawa ta hanyar kallon polymer kanta.
Waɗanne abubuwa ne da masana'antu ke haifar da fashewar geomembrane?
You specified a high-density liner, thinking "denser is stronger." Duk da haka, ya gaza da wuri fiye da layin masu fafatawa tare da ƙananan yawa. Takaddun bayanai sun ba ku labari ɗaya, amma ɓoyayyun tsarin kwayoyin halitta ya ba da labarin wani.
Cracking originates in the liner's molecular structure. Resins with a high density combined with a narrow Molecular Weight Distribution (MWD) create highly-stressed "interphase" yankuna tsakanin lu'ulu'u na polymer. Waɗannan yankuna sune diddige na Achilles, suna sa kayan ya zama mai saurin kamuwa da ESCR.
Think of the polymer as having three regions: ordered crystals, disordered amorphous zones, and the "interphase" wanda ya hada su. Kwayoyin interphase suna cikin tashin hankali akai-akai. Wannan ginanniyar damuwa yana sa su zama masu rauni sosai. Zaɓin guduro polymer don haka shine mafi mahimmancin abu guda ɗaya don hana fasa.
| Polymer Property | Babban Haɗarin ESCR (Maɗaukaki ga Cracking) | Karancin Haɗarin ESCR (Mai juriya ga fashewa) |
|---|---|---|
| Yawan yawa | ≥0.940 g/cm³ | 0.932 - 0.936 g/cm³ |
| Rarraba Nauyin Kwayoyin Halitta (MWD) | kunkuntar (Mw/Mn < 4) | Fadi (Mw/Mn > 10) |
| Fihirisar Rarraba Narke (MFI) | Babban (>1.0 g/10 min) | Ƙananan (<0.5 g/10 min) |
| Ƙarshe | Babban Yawa + MWD kunkuntar = BALA'I | Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafa + Faɗin MWD = MAFI GIRMA |
As you can see, the relationship is counter-intuitive. A liner with a slightly lower density but a wide MWD can outperform a higher-density liner by over 60 times in ESCR tests. The wide distribution means more long polymer chains ("tie molecules") that anchor the structure together, resisting the molecular slippage that defines ESCR.
Ta yaya matsananciyar zafin jiki da hawan keke ke haifar da tsagewa?
An shigar da layin a cikin yanayi mai sanyi kuma yayi kyau sosai. Amma yayin da tulin ya fara motsinsa na exothermic kuma rana ta buge, kayan ya zama tsinke kuma ƙananan fasa suka bayyana. Wace rawa zafi ya taka?
Zazzabi mai ƙarfi ne mai sauri don ESCR. Ba ya haifar da tsage shi kaɗai, amma yana hanzarta tafiyar matakai na ƙwayoyin cuta. Ga kowane karuwar 10°C, ƙimar ESCR na iya ƙaruwa da sau 3 zuwa 4, yana rage matuƙar rage rayuwar sabis ɗin layin.
Zafi yana kai hari ga layin ta hanyoyi biyu. Na farko, yanayin zafi mai tsayi, mai dorewa a cikin tudun (sau da yawa sama da 50 ° C) yana ba da ƙwayoyin polymer ƙarin kuzari. Wannan yana sauƙaƙa wa jami'an sinadarai don kutsawa cikin layin kuma ga sarƙoƙin polymer su zamewa cikin damuwa. Na biyu, kullum hawan keke na thermal-faɗawa da raguwa daga ranakun zafi zuwa sanyin dare - yana haifar da ƙarancin gajiya mai ƙarfi. A kan gangaren da aka fallasa, ana haɗe wannan tare da UV radiation, wani nau'i na uku mai mutuwa wanda zai iya lalata ductility na liner a cikin al'amuran makonni. Zafin ba ya haifar da gazawar, amma yana sanya ƙafarsa a kan fedar gas.
Ta yaya daidaitawa, damuwa, da yanayin ƙasa ke ba da gudummawa ga fashe?
Za ka ga tsage-tsafe suna tasowa a kusa da sups, takalman bututu, da kuma tare da gangaren gangaren. An ƙulla matakin ƙasa da kyau, amma layin layi yana kasawa a waɗannan yankuna masu tsananin damuwa.
Aikace-aikacen hakar ma'adinai suna haifar da matsananci, dorewa inji danniya—the "S" a cikin ESCR. Girman nauyin tulin ma'adinan tama, ƙarfin ƙarfi a kan gangara, da yawan damuwa a folds da sasanninta suna haifar da babban direba don ƙaddamarwa da yaduwa.
Matsalolin da ke kan layin leach leach sun fi abin da ake gani a kowane aikace-aikace. Da zarar danniya ya wuce kusan kashi 30% na ƙarfin abin da ake samu, ESCR ya fara ƙaruwa sosai. Masu layi a cikin waɗannan wuraren suna rayuwa har abada a yankin haɗari.
| Tushen damuwa a cikin Kushin Leach Leach | Yawan Girma (kPa) | Tasiri akan Liner |
|---|---|---|
| Load ɗin Ma'ada a tsaye | 1,100 - 3,300 kPa | Yana sanya layin gaba ɗaya ƙarƙashin matsananci, matsananciyar matsawa da damuwa. |
| Danniya Tsantsa | 300-600 kPa | Ƙoƙarin cire layin layi zuwa gangaren, yana mai da hankali ga ramukan anga da walda. |
| Matsalolin Damuwa | Har zuwa 50x matsakaici | A wrinkles, folds, da sasanninta, damuwa yana ƙara girma zuwa wani wuri inda fasa zai iya farawa cikin sauƙi. |
| Thermal & Weld Danniya | 50-300 kPa | Danniya na yau da kullun daga canjin yanayin zafi da ragowar walda. |
Waɗanne ƙira ko abubuwan aiki ne ke haɓaka haɗarin fashewa a cikin layin ma'adinai?
Zaɓin kayanku yana da ƙarfi, kuma shigarwar ya yi kama da tsabta. Duk da haka, gazawar tana faruwa. Matsalar na iya ta'allaka ne a cikin sinadarai na tsarin ku da ƙirar kayan aikin ku.
The final triggers for cracking are often operational: "mild" sinadarai a cikin leachate waɗanda ke aiki azaman haɓakar ESCR, ɗaukar hoto mai tsawo na UV akan gangara mara tsaro, da ƙarancin ƙira waɗanda ke haifar da abubuwan damuwa kuma suna ba da damar waɗannan abubuwan su haɗu.
The biggest chemical threat isn't necessarily a strong acid. The most effective ESCR agents are "mild" sunadarai masu matsakaicin haɗin gwiwar hydrogen, kamar surfactants, esters, da wasu mai. Waɗannan su ne na kowa a flotation reagents da sauran Additives amfani da ma'adinai aiki. Suna da ƙarfin isa kawai don tarwatsa dakarun da ke da rauni suna riƙe da sarƙoƙi na polymer tare, ba su damar zamewa cikin damuwa. Lokacin da kuka haɗu da waɗannan sinadarai tare da matsanancin damuwa da yanayin zafi na tudu, kuma ku ƙara bayyanar UV akan kowane sassan layin layin da ba a binne ba, kun ƙirƙiri cikakkiyar guguwa don gazawar layin. Rigakafin yana buƙatar kariya mai nau'i-nau'i: zaɓin polymer mai dacewa, ƙira don rage damuwa, da kuma rufe layin da sauri da sauri.
Ƙarshe
Fasawar Geomembrane a cikin hakar ma'adinai shine gazawar tsarin - mutun uku na abubuwan da ke da rauni, matsananciyar damuwa, da bayyanar sinadarai. Rigakafi ta hanyar zaɓin abu mai wayo da ƙira mai rage damuwa shine kawai mafita na dogon lokaci.
