Kuna ƙoƙarin yin gini akan ƙasa mara ƙarfi, mara ƙarfi. Kuna damuwa cewa hanyarku za ta lalace, shingen ku zai ragu, ko gangaren ku ya gaza. Maganganun gargajiya kamar tonowa da maye gurbin ƙasa suna da jinkiri da tsada.
Geotextiles suna ba da ƙarfafawa ta hanyar ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfi zuwa ƙasa, juya shi zuwa wani abu mai ƙarfi. Wannan yana ba da damar ƙasa don ɗaukar kaya masu nauyi, tsayayya da nakasawa, kuma ta kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci, sau da yawa a farashi mai rahusa fiye da hanyoyin gargajiya.
A matsayina na mai kaya, Na ga abokan ciniki suna canza shafuka masu wahala zuwa tushe mai tushe ta amfani da wannan fasaha. Ƙasa tana da ƙarfi idan ka danne ta amma tana ja da sauƙi. Geotextiles akasin haka - suna da ƙarfi sosai lokacin da kuka ja su. Ta hanyar haɗa biyun, kuna ƙirƙirar tsarin da ya fi ƙarfin jimlar sassansa. Bari mu rushe daidai yadda wannan masana'anta mai sauƙi ke aiki da sihirin injiniyanta.
Ta yaya geotextiles ke inganta ƙarfin ƙasa da ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya?
Kuna da ƙasa mai rauni wanda ba zai iya ɗaukar nauyin tsarin da aka tsara ba. Kuna damuwa game da ginawa a kai, jin tsoron sasantawa mai tsada ko gazawar ci gaba. Ta yaya zaren bakin ciki zai iya magance wannan babbar matsala?
Geotextiles suna aiki kamar karfen rebar na siminti. Ta hanyar ƙirƙira juzu'i tare da barbashi na ƙasa, masana'anta suna ƙara ƙarfin juzu'i waɗanda ƙasa ta rasa a zahiri. Wannan yana juya ƙasa da masana'anta zuwa tsari guda ɗaya, mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, yana haɓaka ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi da kashi 30-50%.
Ƙirƙirar Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa
Yi la'akari da ƙasa a matsayin tarin tubali maras kyau. Zai iya ɗaukar nauyi mai yawa idan ka danna ƙasa kai tsaye (matsi), amma yana rugujewa kuma yana yadawa idan ka tura shi daga gefe. Yaren geotextile, musamman saƙa, yana kama da katako da turmi wanda ke haɗa waɗannan tubalin tare. Yana da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Lokacin da aka sanya shi a cikin ƙasa, ɓangarorin ƙasa suna kulle saman ta ta hanyar gogayya. Ana kiran wannan rikicewar fuska. When a load is applied, the geotextile's tensile strength prevents the soil particles from sliding and moving apart. The soil is now "reinforced" kuma yana zama kamar shinge mai haɗin gwiwa, ba tarin ɓangarorin da ba a kwance ba. Wannan aikin haɗe-haɗe shine mabuɗin ƙirƙirar tushe wanda zai iya tallafawa nauyi mai nauyi amintacce.
Wadanne hanyoyi ne ke ba da izinin geotextiles don sarrafa nakasu da haɓaka kwanciyar hankali?
Hanyar ku tana ci gaba da tasowa, ko kuma gefen wani shinge yana raguwa a hankali. Kuna buƙatar dakatar da wannan motsi, amma gyare-gyare akai-akai yana zubar da kasafin ku. Menene ainihin ke faruwa a cikin ƙasa, kuma ta yaya geotextile zai iya dakatar da shi?
Geotextiles suna sarrafa nakasu ta hanyoyi biyu masu mahimmanci. Na farko, suna aiki azaman membrane don rarraba kaya akan yanki mai faɗi. Na biyu, suna jujjuya jirgin saman kasa na gazawar dabi'a, suna tilasta masa samun hanya mai karfi da hana gazawar kasa.
Daga gwaninta na, fahimtar waɗannan tasirin biyu yana taimaka wa abokan ciniki su ga dalilin da yasa ƙarfafawa ke aiki sosai.
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Tasirin Membrane
Ka yi tunanin tafiya akan dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfi. Ba tare da dusar ƙanƙara ba, kuna nutsewa. Tare da takalman dusar ƙanƙara, nauyin ku yana bazuwa a kan wani yanki mafi girma, kuma kuna zama a saman. Geotextile yana yin abu iri ɗaya don taya babbar mota akan hanya mai laushi. Tashin hankali na masana'anta yana rarraba ƙayyadaddun nauyin dabaran a kan wani yanki mai faɗi da yawa na ƙananan ƙarancin rauni. Wannan yana rage damuwa a kowane wuri guda, yana hana ƙasa daga lalacewa da haifar da ruts. Wannan hanyar ita kaɗai na iya rage rashin daidaituwar sulhu da sama da 30%. -
Maida Matsayin Jirgin Kasa
Lokacin da ƙasa ta gaza a ƙarƙashin kaya, tana yin haka tare da mafi raunin hanyarta na halitta—hanyar mafi ƙarancin juriya. Geotextile a zahiri yana toshe wannan hanya. Saboda masana'anta suna da ƙarfi a cikin tashin hankali, ƙasa ba za ta iya tsage ta ba. Maimakon haka, an tilasta gazawar ta faru tare da wata hanya dabam, tsayi, da ƙarfi. Wannan yana buƙatar ƙarin makamashi mai yawa, wanda ke nufin gabaɗayan tsarin yana da ƙarfin gabaɗaya kuma ya fi kwanciyar hankali.
A waɗanne nau'ikan tsari ne ƙarfafawar geotextile ya fi tasiri?
Kun san geotextiles na iya ƙarfafa ƙasa, amma ba ku da tabbacin inda suke samar da mafi ƙimar. Kuna ganin an ƙayyade su don hanyoyi, bango, da gangara, kuma kuna mamakin yadda samfurin ɗaya zai iya yin ayyuka da yawa.
Ƙarfafawar Geotextile ya fi tasiri a cikin hanyoyin da ba a buɗe ba, ginshiƙan tulin tituna, tudun ƙasa, da riƙon bango. A cikin waɗannan aikace-aikacen, yana haɓaka kwanciyar hankali sosai yayin da rage buƙatar kayan tsada da gini mai rikitarwa.
Duk da yake aikace-aikacen sun bambanta, duk sun dogara da ƙa'idodin ƙarfafawa iri ɗaya. Anan ne mafi yawan amfani da na samar da kayan don:
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Hanyoyi da Lantarki
Don hanyoyin da ba a buɗe ba akan ƙasa mai laushi, geotextiles sune masu canza wasa. Suna hana tsakuwa daga lalacewa a cikin laka kuma suna rage rutting da fiye da 40%. Don hanyoyin da aka shimfida, sanya geotextile a cikin kwas ɗin tushe yana haifar da tushe mai ƙarfi. Wannan yana ba injiniyoyi damar rage kauri daga cikin tsada mai tsada har zuwa 25% yayin da suke cimma wannan aikin, adana kuɗi mai yawa akan kayan aiki da sufuri. -
Embankments da gangara
Ta hanyar sanya yadudduka a kwance na geotextile mai ƙarfi a cikin gangaren ƙasa kamar yadda aka gina shi, zaku iya gina gangara mai zurfi cikin aminci fiye da ƙasa mara ƙarfi. Na ga abokan ciniki suna gina barga a 45 digiri ko fiye, wani abu da ba zai yiwu ba in ba haka ba. Geotextile yadudduka suna aiki kamar ɗakunan ajiya na ciki, suna riƙe da yawan ƙasa tare da haɓaka yanayin kwanciyar hankali da sama da 35%. -
Ganuwar Riƙe Fuskar Nannade
Maimakon gina bangon kankare mai tsada, za ku iya gina barga bango mai riƙewa amfani da ƙasa da geotextiles. Geotextile yadudduka sun sake komawa cikin ƙasa don samar da kwanciyar hankali, kuma an naɗe fuskar gaba kawai don ɗaukar ƙasa. Waɗannan ganuwar suna da sassauƙa, masu tsada, kuma galibi suna tallafawa ciyayi don kore, yanayin yanayi.
Ta yaya zan iya zaɓar madaidaicin ƙarfin geotextile da nau'in don aikace-aikacen ƙarfafawa?
Kuna shirye don amfani da geotextile don ƙarfafawa, amma mai samar da ku yana ba da zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa. Akwai yadudduka da aka saƙa da ba saƙa, tare da ƙarfin juzu'i daga 20 kN/m zuwa sama da 300 kN/m. Zaɓin kuskure na iya nufin tsarin ku ya gaza.
Don ƙarfafawa, kusan koyaushe kuna buƙatar ƙirar geotextile mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Ƙarfin ƙarfinsa mai girma da ƙananan haɓaka yana ba da ƙin da ake buƙata don hana ƙasa. Ƙarfin da injiniya ke ƙayyade takamaiman ƙarfin da ake buƙata kuma ya dogara da nauyin aikace-aikacen.
Lokacin da abokin ciniki yana so ya ƙarfafa wani abu, shawarata ta farko ita ce a koyaushe kallon yadudduka da aka saka. Ga dalilin da abin da za a nema:
| Nau'in Geotextile | Cajin Amfani na Farko | Me Yasa Aka Zaba |
|---|---|---|
| Woven Geotextile | Ƙarfafa | Ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi (ƙarfi lokacin da aka ja) da ƙarancin elongation (ba ya shimfiɗa da yawa). Wannan yana ba da taurin da ake buƙata don kulle ƙasa a wuri da ɗaukar kaya. |
| Geotextile mara saka | Tanki & Magudanar ruwa | Maɗaukakin ƙarfi (yana barin ruwa ta cikin sauƙi) da tsari mai kama da jin daɗi wanda ya dace don tace ɓarnar ƙasa. Yana mikewa da yawa don zama ingantaccen ƙarfafawa. |
Don ƙarfafawa, mafi mahimmancin dukiya akan takardar bayanai shine Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfi, wanda aka auna a kiloewton a kowace mita (kN/m). Ƙarfin da ya fi ƙarfin yana ba da ƙarin ƙarfafawa. Geotextile don shinge mai nauyi na iya buƙatar sama da 200 kN/m, yayin da tushe mai sauƙi na iya buƙatar 50 kN/m kawai. Kamar yadda mahimmanci yake Juriya mai tsauri-ikon rike kaya tsawon shekaru masu yawa ba tare da mikewa da kasawa a hankali ba. Koyaushe tabbatar da an tsara samfurin don ƙarfafa dogon lokaci.
Ƙarshe
Ƙarfafawar Geotextile tabbataccen aikin injiniya ne wanda ke ƙara ƙarfin juzu'i ga ƙasa. Yana haifar da wani abu mai ɗorewa mai ɗorewa, yana ba da damar yin gini akan ƙasa mara ƙarfi, adana farashi, da tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci.
